Thaumatrope
A thaumatrope is a toy that was very popular in the 19th century. It is a disk with two drawings on each side, its nothing complicated. all you have to do in order for it to work is spin the thaumatrope in a fast motion, here are some examples.
Phenakistoscope
The phenakistoscope was an early animation device that used a spinning disk of sequential images and the persistence of vision principle to create an illusion of motion.
Xoetrope
A xoetrope is a 19th-century optical toy consisting of a cylinder with a series of pictures on the inner surface that, when viewed through slits with the cylinder rotating, give an impression of continuous motion.
Here are my experiments with the Xoetrope technique
Cell
Cell animation techniques
A cell, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century, but since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable it was largely replaced by cellulose acetate. With the advent of computer-assisted animation production, the use of cells has been practically abandoned in major productions. Disney studios stopped using cels in 1990 when Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) replaced this element in their animation process.
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